apsis-book/content/concepts/overview.md

3.5 KiB

title tags summary
Concept overview overview, scope, how-to-read What this documentation covers, how it is organised, and how to read a concept page that describes more than one implementation.

Concept overview

This documentation describes spacecraft, orbits, and the measurement and communication around them. It is a teaching resource: it explains what the quantities are, what units they carry, how they are computed, and where each method stops being valid. It is not a manual for one library, and a page here usually describes a family of approaches rather than a single one.

What it covers

The subject is a satellite from launch to link closure:

  • Foundations. Units, dimensions, and the numerical behaviour of a computed number.
  • Time and geometry. Time scales, leap seconds, calendars, reference frames, the Earth rotation angle, and the reference ellipsoid.
  • Orbit. Orbital elements and their formats, the perturbation sources that move an orbit, the models that propagate it, and the manoeuvres that change it.
  • Radio and propagation. How motion changes the received frequency, what makes a link close, what the atmosphere does, and what interference does.
  • Constellation and network. How satellites are arranged, when one can be used, and how a session survives the satellite handing it over.
  • Operations. The measurement and control chain, and the planning that allocates fuel, contact, and safety.
  • Simulation. What a simulation can and cannot establish.

How it is organised

The sections follow the layers a spacecraft system is naturally built in, from the arithmetic at the bottom to the network at the top. The ordering is a reading order, not a dependency: a page on link budgets assumes the orbit and the atmosphere, not the other way round.

Each page follows the same shape, so a reader knows where to look:

  1. Definition of the quantity or the model.
  2. Mathematics, with the symbols defined.
  3. Unit conventions, including the ones that differ between fields.
  4. Applicability, where the method stops being valid.
  5. Standards, naming the public source the definition follows.
  6. See also, linking the concepts that depend on this one.

A cross reference names another page; for example the page on time-scales is reached from here, and the page on maneuvers refers back to it.

How to read a page

Two things are worth knowing in advance.

A page names more than one implementation wherever more than one is used, and says which is which. Where a specific library is relevant, it is named; where it is not, the page is about the problem rather than about a product.

The unit conventions section is not housekeeping. A number without its unit and its reference is not a physical quantity, and a large part of the practical errors in this field are unit errors rather than concept errors.

Where the implementation is

The pages above describe the field. A separate section describes what one particular library implements of it, including how it is organised and where its algorithms come from. That separation is deliberate: the concepts stand on their own, and the implementation is one answer to them rather than their definition.

The online tools exist for the same reason. A reader who has just read about a propagation model can run it, which is a stronger check than reading.

See also